Film Review for “An Anthopological Introduction to YouTube” Essay Sample free essay sample

Michael Wesch’s short movie â€Å"An Anthropological Introduction to YouTube† does precisely what the rubric entails- he introduces YouTube from an anthropological point of position. While many may hold issues believing of YouTube as anything other than amusement. Wesch does an exceeding occupation of linking these two topics. Wesch begins with presenting YouTube ; that is. he explains how YouTube truly got large. From the beginning of YouTube. he goes into demographics for YouTube. After this point in the picture is where Wesch starts to speak about communicating. peculiarly in societal media. Anthropology is the survey of human nature and human society. Anthropology aims to depict what it means to be human in a wide sense. Wesch. all from an anthropological base point of what it means to be human. covers how YouTube became a portion of today’s community. how it has the possible to destruct community. and how it builds community. First. it must be understood how YouTube has become a portion of today’s society. Wesch marks the â€Å"Numa Numa† picture as the grade of the start of YouTube. This picture gets popular in Italy. From Italy it goes to Europe in general. after this picture caputs to Japan and someway lands itself on a computing machine in a suburb of New Jersey. Harmonizing to Wesch. most of the picture on YouTube are homemade and intended for less than 100 people ; nevertheless. he besides states about 100. 000 of the 200. 000 pictures on Youtube are addressed to a YouTube community. This community can run from anyone to anyplace. Wesch references Robert Putman. writer of â€Å"Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital† . who’s thought is that community has been lost over clip. Over clip. locally owned ma and pop food market shops turn into Wal-Mart super shops on every corner. The face to face communications has been lost over the old ages. but people are get downing to replace it with societal media online. Social media has been turning and turning in present civilization. Websites like YouTube. Facebook. and Twitter are starting up and going progressively popular. The Associated Press did an article in 2012 coroneted â€Å"Number of active users at Facebook over the years† . In this article it shows drastic leaps in the figure of history holders. In 2004. the article reports merely one million users. but by 2008. there are 100 million users. The Numberss in September of 2012 are reported to hold been a sum of 1. 01 billion users. Now believing about Facebook. it is a site where people can pull off their friends. household. and anything else worthy plenty to hold a profile page. Anne McClard’s article â€Å"Focus on Facebook† explains â€Å"We find Facebook displacements identity-making on the web off from the individual†¦in a new manner. enabling low-maintenance. and automatically generated. interaction-based content creation† ( 2008: 1 ) . This low-mai ntenance communicating on Facebook is similar to other societal media web sites. including YouTube. With YouTube. a individual is able to sit stray and entertain themselves for hours with pictures on the web. This new societal media civilization should be destructing communicating. right? Well. ladies and gentlemen. the fact is that YouTube is besides constructing communicating through picture. As Wesch describes. there is this thought of cultural inversion. where one thing is expressed and another objet is valued. One illustration he uses is that while individuality is expressed. community is valued. Community. in this case. is something that is being longed for in many persons. including those on these societal media sites like YouTube. Wesch expresses the thought that when a individual negotiations into the camera on or in their computing machine. the speaker is in a sense speaking to everyone that is in the universe. The speaker has no thought of who will see their picture or when it will be seen. In add-on. the viewing audiences have a sense of being able to watch these pictures without anyone cognizing who they are. This. as Wesch describes it. aunomity gives the spectator the ability to watch. This spectator can gaze at the speaker and admire human nature. wher eas in world. viewing audiences can non gaze at person without being judged. Speakers have a opportunity to make a new individuality. perchance an individuality closer to who they feel they are in existent life. Viewing audiences can watch these pictures with the freedom to see this humanity without fright or anxiousness of being judged. and that is a beautiful connexion. YouTube is frequently thought of as a societal communicating site that has nil more than silly videos to do people laugh or video web logs done by a random cipher. The truth is. YouTube is an of import tool to today’s communicating. Although this media communicating is non every bit standard as the face to confront communicating of older times. it is still a communicating beginning that is used and touched by many. Wesch connects this new age communicating and ties it into the anthropological point of view. He does an first-class occupation in covering how YouTube became a portion of today’s community. how it has the possible to destruct community. and how it builds community. Mentions Cited An Anthropological Introduction to YouTube. Perf. Michael Wesch. 2008. YouTube. Web. 6 Feb. 2013. McClard. Anne. and Ken Anderson. â€Å"Focus on Facebook: Who Are We Anyway? † Anthropology News 49. 3 ( 2008 ) : 10-12. Print. â€Å"Number of Active Users at Facebook Over the Old ages. † Finance. yokel. com. Associated Press. 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 6 Feb. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //finance. yokel. com/news/number-active-users-facebook-over-years-214600186–finance. hypertext markup language gt ; .

Teacher and Softball free essay sample

Sports can be used to learn life lessons in ways that they help shape attitude, portray passion, develop personality, and teach companionship. â€Å"When life throws you a curve ball† means that when life gives you obstacles to overcome. This is a quote relating to life incorporating baseball or softball in to it, using â€Å"curve ball† as a synonym for obstacles. Softball, along with other sports, is a great way to learn life lessons and is not just a sport. A sport, such as softball, is something that many people can benefit from. All ages, starting at 5 can enjoy the game of softball. We, as humans, benefit from learning, enjoying each others’ company, and overcoming and making progress in the game. These concepts can also be related to everyday life because we do each of these things every day. As people, we also need an outlet for our emotions and hardships that we face; softball can help us with this. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher and Softball or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of taking out anger on another person, we can take our anger out on slamming the pitch and making a home run out of it. If you look at this from a more meaningful prospective, you can take your anger in life and always come out on top if you handle each situation in a positive and professional way. Softball also teaches people to have passion. I give a lot of recognition to the sport for teaching me to have passion not just in the game, but in life. Softball gave me something to be passionate about and also taught me to continue being passionate about other things such as my school work, and being successful. If I did not have softball in my life, I do not even know where I would be today because it was the first thing that I was passionate about. Since I was passionate about softball for all my life, it has given me great opportunities. The best opportunity it has given me is being able to go to a college that I love and also being able to play softball. If I wasn’t as determined and passionate about softball I would have not gotten the opportunity to play at Point Park University. Being an athlete of softball has taught me so much in life. Having a great attitude while laying a sport was not always easy; however, I knew that if I did not have a good attitude I would not do well. This idea, also, carried over to everyday life. If I did not have a good attitude when I woke up in the morning was like if I did not have a good attitude going up to the plate when I was up to bat. I knew I would fail if I did not have this positive attitude. Softball also can teach people to express themselves. I would not be the person I am today if I did not have softball to help shape the person I am. It taught me to communicate as a teammate and be respectful to the other team. I also interpreted this in to my everyday life. If I did not communicate on the field, or if I did not communicate with my friends I would not have successful relationships with people. Also, if I did not respect people, people would not show any respect for me. In conclusion, softball has not only helped me in life with teaching lessons and shaping me as a person, but it has helped a lot of other people as well. Softball, along with other sports, is an exceptional outlet for dealing with emotions and hardships, let alone also teaching great life lessons.

Lab report on Paper Chromatography essays

Lab report on Paper Chromatography essays 3. Materials and constituents page 5 The purpose of this lab report is to explain what exactly happened to the labs, the time that the experiment was executed and apply the results and conclusions that were deduced. Also, specify the errors that might have happened during the execution of the experiment. In the following experiment is going to be proved that a paper can separate a mixture of colours and that every colour reacts with a different way when put onto the paper strip. Chromatography is the name given to a method, which is very widely used for the separation of mixtures of chemicals and biochemicals, that depends on how fast a substance moves in a stream of gas or liquid past a stationary material to which the substance may be slightly attracted. Chromatography serves mainly as a tool for the examination and separation of mixtures of chemical substances. Chromatography is using a flow of solvent or gas to cause the components of a mixture to migrate differently from a narrow starting point in a specific medium. It is used for the purification and isolation of various substances. A chromatographically pure substance is the result of the separation. Because purification of substances is required to determine their properties, chromatography is an indispensable tool in the sciences concerned with chemical substances and their reactions. Chromatography is also used to compare and describe chemical substances. The chromatographic sequence of sobbed substances is related to their atomic and molecular structures. A change in a chemical substance produced by a chemical or biological reaction often alters the solubility and migration rate. With this knowledge, alterations or changes can be detected in the substance. In all chromatographic separations, there is an important relationship between the solvent, the chromatography paper, and the mixture. For a p...

Content Archetypes.

Content Archetypes. Content ArchetypesofCustomer Interface ArchetypesOctober, 2002Table of ContentExecutive Summary i1Introduction -111.1Purpose - 11.2Method - 11.3Limitation 12Content Archetypes -2 - 422.1Offering Dominant - 2 -32.2Information Dominant 42.3Market Dominant - 43Importance Attributes of Superstore 5-633.1Uniqueness 53.2Strength 63.3Limitation 63.4Improvement 64. Information Dominant - Washingtonpost.com -7-844.1Dimension of Washingtonpost.com Content - 7-8(i) Offering Mix 7(ii) Appeal Mix - 7-8(iii) Multimedia Mix 8(iv) Content Type - 85 Evidence to Fit Information-Dominant 9-1155.1Evaluations and Comparisons 9-105.2Success Story of Washingtonpost.com 10-116Conclusion 127References 138Appendix 14iExecutive SummaryThe purpose of this report is to determine the differences between each of the content archetypes and to gain more knowledge about the dimension of its content.The original Stop and Shop logo used until 2008.There are five content archetypes: Superstore, Category Kil ler, Specialty Store (offering-dominant), information dominant and the market dominant.A superstore is a one-stop shop where the customer can find a wide range of goods in multiple product categories. The site is commonly organized by product categories and subcategory.The dimension of content consists of offering mix, appeal mix, multimedia mix and content type. Most of the websites consists of these 4 dimensions to make the content more attractive and to achieve their e-business.11 Introduction1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this report is to determine the differences between each of the content archetypes and to gain more knowledge about the dimension of its content.1.2 MethodIn order to complete this report, accessing the website has to...

Food and Its Impact on Health and Environment Research Paper

Food and Its Impact on Health and Environment - Research Paper Example The Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese: I have selected a very popular fast food item on the menu of fast food chains, the Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese. It is one of my favorite meals too but I have got to know many impacts it holds upon our health and long term living, also not to mention the impacts on animals and environment. A very popular documentary â€Å"Super-Size Me† was based upon the very similar issue. The maker of the documentary tries to gauge the impacts of fast food on his health and he goes on to eat McDonald’s meal every day three times for a period of 30 days. The impact it has on his health are enormous; he picks up a lot of fat and weight in the process. The doctors who had analyzed him said that he was also suffering from depression and anxiety and the meals had caused great damage to his heart. The documentary proved extremely shocking for many since it brought about the very true picture of how bad the impact of fast food is on our health. Composition of the Quarter Pounder: Now let’s delve into the ingredients of what makes a Double Quarter Pounder with Cheese so interesting. The double quarter pounder contains 4 oz. beef patty, 2 slices of cheese and a sesame seed bun. Well it is also served with barbeque and mushroom sauce on many occasions. The calories count is 740 which are very high on any scale in the world. Its nutrition grade is also D. The amounts of calories are predominantly fat and cholesterol. (Calorie Count) The Sourcing & Production of its Ingredients: The Beef Patty is composed of beef usually locally sourced depending upon the location of the food chains. The beef patty is composed of corn fed beef which gives it the crisp and color. A United Nations study has found that almost 18% of greenhouse gases come from the ranching and slaughtering of cows. Due to the various techniques of cow breeding and corn based feed, the beef is now much cheaper and fattier than ever before. (Ecoliteracy) The b eef processing is done by large conglomerates and a patty may contain meat form many different cows. The cows are bred in a very inhumane level and through different scientific treatments are grown bigger than their bones and body can sustain. After slaughtering, the beef is transported in its raw form to different places across the country where the beef is processed. The beef is processed in machines that bring together the mince and process them with corn to form patties. These patties are then hauled to local fast food producers where they are deep fried in oil and used in the burgers. The Cheese is very similar to this. Cows are given heavy dosage of stimulus and steroids to expedite milk production which not only causes diseases in animals but also decreases their life and may also transmit some of that in the milk too. The milk is then transported for further process where it is made into cheese and shipped to local food stores. Now a lot of fuel is being burnt in the process and global warming is one of the causes of fuel burning through transportation. On average a food related products has to travel almost fifteen hundred miles to reach to a store and this transportation accounts for about thirty eight thousand tons of greenhouse gas emission per annum. (Ecoliteracy) Health Impacts: 1 – Headaches The processed meat is contained in the burgers that is a cause of

Airline Industry in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Airline Industry in India - Essay Example This Act ensured that IAC and AI had a monopoly over the Indian skies. This trend will be driven by the economic expansion India, according to IATA. The organization also said that cargo volume, which follows the trends in world trade, is also likely to see a 6% annual increase in 2004-2008.The forecasts were released as a part of IATA's year-end outlook, Reuters reported. IATA also predicted that India will be the world's second fastest growing market for air travel after China. According to the organization India is likely to lead the global economic expansion for the foreseeable future and this will create long-haul business traffic to and from North America, while the growth in air travel between North America and India is expected to exceed 10%. Three former Soviet Bloc countries will also be among the five fastest growing passenger markets during the period, with Poland at 5% Hungary at 9.6% and the Czech Republic at 9.1%, which is just behind United Arab Emirates at 9.3%. The UAE is fourth on IATA's forecast list of the fastest growing passenger markets. While the Indian airline industry is viewed as immature, it has incredible growth potential. In fact, observers say it will boast a growth rate among the highest in the world, and will eventually have the largest domestic market outside the U.S. and China. All four of the major Indian airlines are believed to ... In fact, observers say it will boast a growth rate among the highest in the world, and will eventually have the largest domestic market outside the U.S. and China. All four of the major Indian airlines are believed to be discussing aircraft acquisitions with manufacturers. The planned partial privatization of government-owned airlines is expected to provide greater impetus to future growth, Ian Thomas of the Center for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) told World Airline News, but will also delay immediate purchasing plans. Airbus Industry recently gave a presentation in Delhi and Mumbai at which it presented its demand predictions for the Indian market. Airbus research indicates that the major Indian carriers will have to buy 222 airliners with 100 seats or more worth about US$7.5 billion in the next 20 years, and that fleet sizes will more than double from 112 aircraft at the end of 1999 to 236 by 2019. Scope for Airline Industry Expansion in India India's civil aviation industry will need to purchase 490 aircraft over the next 20 years, according Dinesh Keskar, vice-president for sales at Boeing. According to estimates from the aircraft manufacturer, falling ticket prices and an increase in passenger traffic will cause an increase in the demand for aircraft. Keskar told Reuters that the passenger traffic in India is likely to increase by 20% over the next three to four years. The Indian authorities have reportedly said that the domestic and international air traffic will increase by about 20% annually, due to investments from the government and private sector. The investments have been estimated at USD20bn over the next five years and the increase of aircraft numbers is expected to double the number of civilian

Environmental Impact of Aviation Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impact of Aviation Essay Today, the world is bothered by the environmental issues reverberating in different parts of the world. Part of this environmental issue is focused on global warming. As part of the whole world’s response on the important concern, laws and policies have been drafted. Some of the known environmental policies are Clean Air Act and the Kyoto Protocol. Meanwhile, the Kyoto Protocol is an agreement between different nations, mainly industrialized, adopted on December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2008). The central function of the protocol is to set a target on the greenhouse gas emission for member countries (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2008). This is to further reduce the impending consequences of the greenhouse effect. Since the report of international scientist that climate change is worsening, all sector of the society and all nations have been invited to participate in activities primarily to help cut gas emissions. Each government of member nations also implemented programs in order to reduce the gas emission that is aggravating the global environment situation. For the past years, the reality of the phenomenon has been severally debated, even among politicians. Eventually, environment was considered as priority in the policy making. Additionally, the international concern on global warming has reached every sector, big or small, in the society. Among the business sectors, rules and regulations have also been adopted internationally in order that a standard of environmentally hazardous substances be eliminated or minimized. An example could be the non use of lead. In Europe, the Restriction on Hazardous Substances was adopted and imposed upon all its suppliers worldwide (ROHS, 2008). According to the guidelines, minimum amount of the hazardous substances should be maintained. Hence, quality of the product depends on the substances comprising the product. The environmental issue, however, is not only limited to gas emissions and global warming. Instead it covers all kinds of pollution. In the field of aviation, policies and guidelines on environmental compliance also apply. Aviation plays a vital role in transportation. It is the easiest, fastest, and more convenient means in transporting people and goods from one border to another or from nation to nation. Being an essential factor in the growth of economy, it also has an essential contribution to global warming and other environmental problems. Remarkably, the aviation contributes to various environmental problems. One of the major problems faced by aviation industry is the noise pollution being suffered by the residence nearby airports (Kutz, 2008). At present, the aviation is one among the growing business opportunities. Since new and more improved planes have been introduced, the air traffic also increases. As such, there is also intensification of the environmental concerns. The second environmental problem affecting the industry is the climate change. Climate change is the foremost environmental phenomenon that is bothering the international community. In addition, it is believed to be the cause of the drastic change in weather and the emergence of illnesses. The third major problem being caused by aviation is the poor air quality (Kutz, 2008). All these environmental concerns are mandated by laws to be addressed by the aviation industry. In the field of aviation, BAA is widely known for being the world’s leading airport company (House of Commons, et. al. , 2004). At present, it is operating eight airports namely; Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Southampton, and Naples (BAA, 2008). At present, its success still continues to shine and more developments are being planned in the future. In a report propounded by the BAA for year 2005-2006, the company laid down in details the achievements and plans of each airport. Aside from that, it also presented its financial statement to show the financial operation of the company. At a glance, the company has indeed a successful and is in a stable financial status. The over-all operation and employee handling are excellent. According to Mick Temple, Divisional Director, the company recognizes the existence of the environmental issues (Temple). But, the report of BAA did not actually addressed all issue about environment related to airline or airport. In addition, the BAA presented its report in a categorical yet orderly manner. After presenting the achievements, developments, and plans of each airport, the BAA also discussed issues faced by the company. It has specified corporate responsibilities. In scrutinizing the report, the BAA did not actually address all environmental problems. As stated earlier, aviation industry is challenged by problems on poor air quality, noise pollution, and climate change. In the report of the BAA, the report laid down the corporate responsibilities of the company but in a summarized and general form. Although it has addressed all the problems cited, it did not actually specified its future plan, present programs, current status and its over-all stand on the impending environmental problems. In addressing the environmental problem on air quality, the report stated its concern on the problem that is affecting both local and national (Temple). Notably, airports around emits nitrogen dioxide and other fine particles that have negative effect on heath and environment (BAA, 2008). In addition, it has stressed on government’s declaration of Heathrow’s compliance to EU Air Quality Standard (Temple). Contributing to poor air quality, however, are M4 and M25 traffic (BAA, 2008). Likewise, the report merely added measures it can implement in order to comply with the standard. These measures include â€Å"investing in public transport, promoting alternative fuels for airport- based vehicles, and using charges to penalise aircraft with poorer emissions standards† (Temple, p. 35). However, no other reports were propounded to show that these measures have been adopted. Furthermore, the company merely reiterates its desire to review its emission while extending help to other companies with regard to the problem. As to noise pollution, the aviation is considered as one among the major contributor due to noise caused by take offs and landings? taxiing, and engine tests (BAA, 2008). With regard to BAA’s stand on noise pollution, the company has laid down its strategies in minimizing the noise. In addition, it stated its desire to work with local government, airlines, and air traffic controllers to jointly implement these strategies. First strategy is the encouragement on the use of quieter new aircraft and engine by the manufacturers (Temple). The second strategy is giving reward to those airlines using a quieter aircrafts. The fourth strategy is the improvement of compliance with quieter operating practices (Temple). The last strategy is concerned with updates of information by keeping the noise-sufferers informed better (Temple). Today, the company is doing its part in addressing the complaints of those affected by the noise of airports. Furthermore, on the most relevant environmental issue on climate change, the company proudly stressed its target of 15% reduction on its carbon dioxide emission by 2010, which is even higher than the standard (Temple). The company’s strategy is focused on energy efficiency and renewable energy (Temple). Moreover, it has also implied its adherence to Emission trading which allows business incapable of achieving the target to buy permits from those industries that are capable but only within an overall cap (Temple). At present, the company is lobbying for the recognition of the emission trading to be an acceptable mechanism in greenhouse gas emission. In addition, in its desire to reduce the impact of climate change, the company is committed in investing into new energy efficient technology, sourcing out more renewable energy, reducing emissions of vehicles in the airport, among others (BAA, 2008). Based on the above mentioned, the report of BAA may be said to have mentioned the major environmental problems faced by airlines and airports. However, it was not able to state its impact on environment. It did not also laid down the programs it has adopted to address the issue. But nevertheless, it has recognized its role in the environment. By looking into the context of the report, is can be said that the company has been unfairly assessed. It is unfair on the reason that the report presented more on the developments, future plans, and achievements of the company but did not directly addressed on the corporate responsibilities. It is true that corporate responsibility have been included in the middle part, but there is no clear stand of the company. The report stressed on the company’s plan to expand, increase passengers, intensify investment but there are no more details as to the company’s action on environmental issues. Significantly, it did not state any of its achievements in helping in the abatement of the environmental problems. It merely presented it strategies but no update has been included as to the implementation and status of the company. Interestingly, the report of the Managing Directors of each airport has concentrated on the importance of shareholders. Hence, the report was concentrated on the good sides about the company. Airports and airlines are considered as one among the places vulnerable of being attacked by terrorist groups. Notably, in 2007, Glasgow Airport has been attacked by terrorists (BAA, 2008). On that very threatening day, the company has been given an idea on the loopholes on the airport’s security. It is also of no doubt that millions of passengers and employees come in and out of the airport. In line with this, the treat of terrorism has made passenger paranoid about safety. Hence, it is but necessary that safety should be the paramount concern of the company. In response to the attack in July, 2007, the company declared its dedication in making its passengers secure. As part of its response, the company has closely worked with the Department for Transport (DfT) for guidance on its security measures (Temple). Moreover, in concurrence with the government’s standard, the company has conducted a full range review of its security systems (Temple). In order to show its sincerity in making its airports secured and safe, the company has started using technological innovations such as hold-baggage screening, new security screening and x-ray screening (Temple). In line with the company’s purpose of ensuring safety and health of its passengers and employees, policies and programs have been adopted. Additionally, according to the report, the company’s stance on security is that it is considering it as a crucial issue. Aside from its possible effect on the company’s reputation, it also recognizes its effect on passengers’ experiences. As such, the company works closely with the government agencies, armed forces, and police force in order to upgrade its security system and match with that of government security (Temple). Furthermore, it has committed itself to comply with regulations concerning safety. In accordance with this, the Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) Executive Committee have been founded with the primary goal of determining and addressing these issues affecting the company (Temple). With the growing environmental concern, some say that aviation industry is not a sustainable business. However, BAA has proven this statement wrong. In order that environmental issue be addressed and at the same time maintain or increase the profitability of the company, the company may enhance its training on environmental awareness to its employees and passengers. In addition, carbon dioxide emission can be reduced through the use of biodeisel and other alternative energy. Moreover, through reducing its flight, the company could decrease its environmental impact but can increase profit because all flights would be certainly be filled. Another measure could be on the retail sector. Since the airports are open for stores, environmental measures should also be imposed upon them. Some of the policy that can be adopted is the ban on non-recyclable things. Through this measure, all waste coming from stores would be put to recycling areas. Finally, the company could enhance its pro- environment policies despite cost on its part. This way, the cost would be repaid by the loyalty and continued patronage of the passengers. References BAA. (2008). Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://www. baa. com/portal/site/default/menuitem. a875fc32913746f398a5e186c02865a0/. House of Commons, Great Britain Parliament Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee. (2004). International Challenge of Climate. London: The Stationery Office. Kutz, M. (2008). Environmentally Conscious Transportation. London: John Wiley and Sons. ROHS. (2008). Restriction on the Use of hazardous Substances (ROHS). Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://www. rohs. gov. uk/. Temple, M. (2008). BAA Annual Report 2005/06. Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://www. baa. com/assets//B2CPortal/Static%20Files/BAA_Annualreport_05-06. pdf. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2008). Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://unfccc. int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830. php.