Erik Erikson s Personality And Sense Of Self - 878 Words

From the day we are born to the day they die, development is a continuous process in which we grow as an individual and develop our sense of self. The various factors that contribute to shaping us into the way we are, such as our memories, experiences, the way we were raised, even our culture has the strength to impact who we are to become. Throughout a person’s lifespan, there are many obstacles one must face in order to acquire certain skills that will be of use as we transitions from one stage to the next. The idea of moving from one stage to a another was derived from developmental theorist, Erik Erikson, it was his belief that one’s personality and sense of self develops in a series of stages. Additionally, the lifespan serves as a foundation for social development, occurring in stages from infancy to adulthood. (Berk) The necessary conflict provided by each stage serves as a developmental milestone, in which a psychological quality will or will not be gained. With regards to Erikson’s theory, as of now, I have experienced six of the eight stages of development. The first, being the construction of the basic trust vs. mistrust, occurring during the time of infancy (0-1 ½ years) According to my parents I was described as an easy baby, with a phlegmatic temperament, therefore I was not very fussy nor tricky to care for. However, when there was an instance where I did cry my attentive parents would assure that my needs were met. Thus, the trust forged with my parentsShow MoreRelatedApplication Of The Personality Theories Developed By Erik Erikson And Raymond Cattell1724 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of the Personality Theories Developed by Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell â€Å"Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† (Cherry, 2014). My personality is influenced from my specific circumstances, my upbringing, and it is represented best through the theorists of Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell. In specific circumstances my behaviorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 Pagesof life stories and narrative approaches that recent researcher and theories have apply to understand human behavior. This article integrates recent theories and researchers of life stories as illustrated the investigation of self-understanding, personal memory, personality structure and change, and the relations between the personal lives and cultural. The article provides a numerous of psychologist stories and the contributions they have made in the psychology fields. McAdams, 1985 has arguedRead MoreErikson’S Contributions To Human Development. Erik Erikson1033 Words   |  5 PagesErikson’s Contributions to Human Development Erik Erikson was a man whose interests varied widely. He studied art and a variety of languages during his schooling. He did not prefer the atmosphere of formal schooling and decided to travel around Europe instead of going to college (â€Å"Erik Erikson†, 1997). He then returned to Germany for art school and later on taught to children who had come for Freudian training. He became Boston’s first child analyst and obtained a position at Harvard Medical SchoolRead MoreDevelopmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1729 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical drives. This eight-stage theory is se quential, and requires the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive memberRead MoreThe Eight Stages Of Personality Growth1327 Words   |  6 Pageson two of the eight stages of personality growth. Erik Erikson an ego psychologist created a theory on personality development evolution that states it is a continuous process through the lifetime of an individual. Erikson suggested culture also plays an essential role in a society s perception and consideration of normal and considered abnormal. Erikson (1950, 1963), does not speak about psychosexual Stages as Freud, though influenced Freudian ideas. Erikson broadens on Freudian thoughts byRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1408 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson’s Development theory Erik Erikson’s was born June 15, 1902, in southern Germany, His Jewish mother Karla Abrahamsen and to biological father, who was on unnamed Darnish man. Erikson’s biological abandoned him before he was born. Erikson was brought up by his mother and stepfather, Theodor Homberger, who was Erikson’s pediatrician. He never knew the true identity of his biological father. He always was in search of his identity; Erikson’s search for identity took him through someRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreThe Eight Crisis Stages Of Erik Erikson Development Theory1456 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the purpose of this research I will focus on four of the eight crisis stages of Erik Erikson development theory and a psychosocial theorists and Lev Vygotsky development theory as a sociocultural theorist focusing on the concept of zone of proximal development and scaffolding. Both although from different times in history shared similar ideas in terms of child development. Psychologist Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt Germany on June 15th of 1902 and died in Harwich MassachusettsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 Pagesis important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory. 1. The first Human development theory is that of Jean Piaget’s, who believed that all human development and behavior was the product of consistent and reliable patterns of interactions with the environment

Anabolic Steroids Should Be Banned - 1348 Words

Steroids, more specifically anabolic steroids, are drugs that can be legally prescribed or taken illegally, to boost strength and increase athletic performance. They are based off of the hormone testosterone. On the street where the drug is sold illegally, the common slang names are â€Å"arnolds†, â€Å"gym candy†, â€Å"pumpers†, â€Å"roids†, â€Å"stackers†, â€Å"weight trainers†, and â€Å"juice†. Steroids have a long, long history, especially in regards to sporting events. Anabolic steroids were not really used worldwide until the 20th century. However, the use of pure testosterone can be traced back to the original Olympic Games in Ancient Greece. Raw animal testicles were eaten by the early Olympians. It sounds disgusting, but it did the job. With this in mind, it†¦show more content†¦This made it safe for human use. The discovery was so profound that both Butenandt and Ruzicka were awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize for their achievements in chemistry. By the 1940’s, anabolic steroid use in the Soviet Union was becoming common. Dr. John Ziegler, a US Olympic team physician found a way to develop methandrostenolone; commonly known as Dianabol. United States Olympic lifters would soon find testosterone and Dianabol dosing to be a part of their regular athletic routine. The impact the drugs were having on athletes were nothing short of impressive. Several studies we re published suggesting anabolic steroid use had no positive effect on sports performance. At the time, this was done to discourage the use, but a lot of athletes didn’t know or care. By 1967, anabolic steroid use was pretty common among Olympic athletes, particularly weight lifters. Even though many physicians stated there was no benefit to anabolic steroid use and athletic performance, the International Olympic Council banned the use of anabolic steroids. Shortly afterwards, the majority of major sports governing bodies would follow suit. By 1972, the IOC would begin implementing a full-scale drug testing program for all athletes. The testing was very simple. Testosterone levels were measured, which can easily be done via a blood test or urine sample. If testosterone levels were found to be six times

The Inintended Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition in The...

Section A: Plan of the Investigation (114 words) What were the unintended consequences of alcohol prohibition in the United States in the 1920’s? In this investigation, the focus will be on the time frame 1920 to 1933, from when the 18th amendment was passed to when alcohol prohibition was repealed. The pros and cons of national prohibition of alcohol in the aspects of health, financial, and social results will be weighed. This will be done through the interpretation of statistics from before and after prohibition, insights of those who lived through the time period, and apparent reasons for the repeal of the amendment. The main type of source used was secondary source journal articles authored by scholars concerning the outcome of†¦show more content†¦Walker reduced Prohibition to a campaign to take a glass of beer away from the workingman while allowing the rich to have their cellars filled with wine.† (Michael 2) †¢ Many people certified themselves as ministers and rabbis and distributed large quantities of sacramental wine. (Reinarman, Levine 2) †¢ It heightened the attractiveness of alcohol to the young by making it a glamour product associated with excitement and intrigue. The high prices and profits during Prohibition enticed sellers to try to market their products to nondrinkers--undoubtedly, with some success. Finally, many old-stock Americans and recent immigrants were unwilling to be told that they could not drink. (Burns, Lynn) Section C: Evaluation of Sources (355 words) The origin of Blocker’s article in Public Health is valuable because the author, Jack S. Blocker Jr., PhD is a specialist on the use of drugs and alcohol as well as the history of the two. Blocker is a professor at Huron University in Ontario, Canada where he lectures over addictions. He received his PhD in the field of drug and alcohol usage showing his vast knowledge of the subject. He has written multiple essays and journals over subtopics of alcohol, prohibition being one. The article was published in Public Health, an â€Å"international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed†

Billabong International Limited A Private Limited Company

Question: Discuss about the Billabong International Limited. Answer: Background: Company Overview Billabong International Limited was started by Gordon and Rena Merchant in 1973 in the Gold Coast Australia. It deals in clothing and other accessories like watches, backpacks snowboard and skateboards. It. The company name has been derived from the word Billabong which means creek running only in the rainy season. In the beginning, the company made board shorts. In 1980s the company was expanded its business and were selling board shorts in the entire Australia. With this high growth rate in the business, by the late 1980s the company did international expansion to New Zealand, Japan and South Africa. Billabong listed itself in the Australian Securities Exchange in the year 2000 and soon the company began to acquire other brands and retail outlets to expand rapidly. In 2001, the company acquired Von Zipper- an eyewear brand and Element- skateboarding apparel brand. Honolus, Xcel, Tigerlily, Sector 9, RVCA and Palmers are also few other brands which are possessed by the company. In 2001, the sales of the company was $225 million and it grew to $1.7 billion in 2011. However by the end of 2012 the company closed more than 150 stores after it underwent a restructuring process and with loss of jobs for more than 400 employees internationally. In the year 2013, Billabong accepted the takeover offer by Altamont Partners. The losses to the company in the year 2013 was $536.6 million. (Reuters) Analysis The ratio analysis is very beneficial method to examine the financial performance of the company. It assists the investors to comprehend the financial health of the company and understand if the company was able to accomplish as their expectations. It also helps in judging if the company has been able to make use of its resources and assets to earn better profits. These ratios also help the company to identify the areas where they need to improve and formulate plans in accordance with the trends of its financial performance. Some of the important financial ratios are Profitability ratios: Profitability of a company is defined as the capacity of the business to make profits. In a business, all the revenue earned by the sales of goods and services minus all the expense incurred in conducting the business will provide profit. Profitability is the most important goal of any business. It helps in determining whether the company will be able to generate returns for the investors who have invested in the company. The various Profitability ratios are Gross Profit Margin: Gross Profit Margin is defined as Gross Profit/ Sales. It measures the profit earned by the company while selling its inventory. A higher gross profit margin ratio is preferred as the company will have more revenues to pay its expenses. For the company Billabong, In 2015, Gross Profit Margin = 560822/ 1056130 = 53.10 % In 2014, Gross Profit Margin = 53643100/ 1027471= 52.21% Thus the gross profit for the company has increased. This can be due to increase of revenues by the company and reduced the cost of the goods sold by better procurement of the raw materials. Return on assets: Return on assets is defined as Net Income/ Average Assets. It helps management to understand if the investment in assets are being converted to profits. The more the return on assets the better for the company. In 2015, Return on assets = 2552/ (751866 + 803980)/ 2 = 0.33 % In 2014, Return on assets = -239933/ (751866+751866)/ 2 = -31.91 % In 2014, the company has incurred huge loss and thus the return on assets is negative. The company has been able to generate a net profit by reduction in finance cost and other expenses. Return on sales: Return on Sales is defined as Net Income/ Sales. It helps in identifying if the company is able to generate profits by selling goods and reduce the wastage of resources. In 2015, Return on sales = 2552/ 1056130 = 0.24 % In 2014, Return on sales = -239933/ 1027471 = -23.35 % The company has shown improvement in the return on sales which is a good indicator for the investors. The higher value of Return on sales indicates that the company is generating more revenue with the increase in sales. Return on Investment: Return on Investment is defined as Net Income/ Investment. It helps the investors identify the return they will get for the investment they made in the company. In 2015, Return on sales = 2552/ 1094274 = 0.23 % In 2014, Return on sales = -239933/ 1094274 = -21.93 % The return on investment is positive in the year 2015. Thus the investors will get a better return for their investments compared to the previous year. Efficiency ratios: The efficiency ratio helps in identify if the company is able to use its resources and generate profits efficiently. It is used by the company internally to identify areas where resources are being wasted. The most commonly used efficiency ratios are Assets turnover ratio: Assets turnover ratio is defined as the net sales/ Average total assets. It reflects the amount of sales generated by the company for the amount invested in the assets of the company. In 2015, Assets turnover ratio = 1056130/ (803980 + 751866)/2 = 1.35 In 2014, Assets turnover ratio Assets turnover ratio = 1027471 / (751866 + 751866)/ 2 = 1.36 The company in 2014 was able to utilize its assets more efficiently than 2015. The investment in assets did not yield the same kind of return as was expected by the investors. Fixed assets turnover ratio: Fixed assets turnover ratio is defined as the net sales/ Average fixed assets. It reflects the amount of sales generated by the company for the amount invested in the assets of the company. This is more refined ratio as it takes only assets like plant, equipment, property etc. into account. In 2015, Assets turnover ratio = 1056130/ (89504 + 94305)/2 = 11.49 In 2014, Assets turnover ratio = 1027471 / (94305 + 94305)/ 2 = 10.89 Thus the company in 2015 utilized its fixed assets more efficiently as compared to the year 2014. Taking both assets turnover ratio and fixed assets turnover ratio it is clear that the management has not been able to utilize the intangible and other assets as efficiently as it did the previous year. Inventory turnover ratio: Inventory turnover ratio is defined as the Cost of goods sold/ Average inventory. This ratio tells the number of times the company was able to sell its average inventory. The higher value of inventory turnover ratio is preferred as it indicates well running of the business by the management. A low inventory turnover ratio may be due poor maintenance, over production or other factors. In 2015, Assets turnover ratio = 1056130/ ((187125 + 180222) /2) = 5.75 In 2014, Assets turnover ratio = 1027471/ ((180222 + 180222) /2) = 5.70 The inventory turnover ratio has improved for the company thus the management is improved and the company was able to sell the average inventory better in 2015 as compared to 2014. However the improvement was small in amount. Thus the increasing inventory turnover ratio and fixed assets turnover ratio are indicators of good use of assets by the company. Liquidity ratio: The Liquidity ratio is used to determine if the company will be able to pay of its debt both long term and short term. The most commonly used liquidity ratios are Current ratio: It is defined as ability of the firm to pay off the current liabilities using current assets. It is given by Current Assets/ Current Liabilities In 2015, Current ratio = 523753/ 239045 = 2.19 In 2014, Quick ratio = 495801/ 225671 = 2.19 Thus there is no effective change in the current ratio. Quick ratio: Quick ratio is defined as how quickly the company can convert its assets and pay off the current liabilities. It is given by Quick Assets/ Current Liabilities. A higher value of Quick ratio is preferred as it reveals that the company will be easily able to pay its liabilities In 2015, quick ratio = 179838/ 239045 = 0.75 In 2014, Quick ratio = 298920/ 225671 = 1.32 The quick ratio shows that the company will not be able to cover the current liabilities with the quick assets it has. There has been a sudden decline in the quick ratio and the management should focus on improving the ratio so that it can boost the confidence of the creditors and investors. Interest Coverage Ratio: Interest Coverage Ratio is defined as amount of income that is used to cover the future interest expense. It is defined as EBIT/ Interest expense Financial Leverage Ratio: It is used to measure the overall debt of the company compared to its assets and equity. It determines the share of owners and creditors in the company. The important Financial Leverage ratios are Debt ratio: Debt ratio is defined as the total liability of the company / total assets. The higher the value of debt ratio the more risky is the investment in the company. In 2015, Debt ratio = 522396/ 803980= 0.65 In 2014, Debt ratio = 492830 / 751866 = 0.66 The debt ratio for both the years is almost same. It states that 65% of the total assets is the liabilities of the company. Debt to Equity ratio: Debt to Equity ratio is defined as the total debt of the company / total equity. The higher value of debt to equity means the creditors financing is more in the company. In 2015, Debt to equity ratio = 522396/ 281584 = 1.85 In 2014, Debt to equity ratio = 492830 / 259036 = 1.90 Thus the Debt to equity ratio has decreased in the year 2015. This is a good sign as the share of creditors in the business has decreased. Investment ratio: These ratios helps the investor to understand the financial health of the company and make decision whether or not to invest in the company. The important Financial Leverage ratios are Earnings Per share: It is the amount of profit each share of the company will receive. It helps in comparing returns by investing in various shares. It is given by (Net income- Dividends) / No. of shares. In 2015, Earnings Per share = 0.5 cents In 2014, Earnings Per share = (28.6) cents Dividend Yield ratio: Dividend Yield ratio is defined as the dividend paid by the company by No. of shares. It is used to compare the investment in various companies. The company has not declared in the year 2015 and 2014. Thus the shareholders might want to invest in other companies which is giving better return. Conclusion and Findings Thus after the analysis of various financial ratios of the company Billabong International Limited for the past two years it has been identified that the company has suffered major losses in 2014 which has affected the performance of the company. The plans executed by the company in 2015 has performed considerably well. The company has been able to utilize it fixed assets better and the inventory turnover ratio has also improved. The company however since the last two years has not paid any dividend to the investors and the earnings per share is low compared to similar competitors in the industry. These are the major concerns for the investors and the management and they need to improve these areas to build trust of the investors. Thus the report helps in understanding the significance of various financial ratios and help understand the current financial health of Billabong International Limited Recommendation The following are the few recommendations based on the analysis The quick ratio of the company has fallen to 0.75 (less than 1). The company should increase this ratio so that it can use easily convertible assets to cover all the current liabilities. The operating expense for the company can be reduced by improving the waste control in resources while operating the business. The company should divide the profits made as dividends to the investors to gain their trust. Reference Billabong International Ltd. (2015). 2014 annual report of Billabong International Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.billabongbiz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=154279p=irol-reportsannual Profitability Ratio. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/financial-ratios/profitability-ratios White Claire. (2015). Why are efficiency ratios important to investors. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032615/why-are-efficiency-ratios-important-investors.asp Loth Richard. (n.d). Investment Valuation Ratios. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/university/ratios/investment-valuation/ Billabong International Ltd (BBG.AX). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=BBG.AX

Culture Jamming

Introduction Culture jamming is one of the marketing tactics that has been used for many years among anti-consumerist groups as one of the most successful tactics in the sphere of marketing. In this respect, Carducci defines culture jamming as an organized effort by social movements to counteract messages portrayed in advertisements (161). These social movements disrupt corporate advertising using myriad of tactics such as exposing political utterances on commercial culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Culture Jamming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, culture jammers may also change the original configuration of a fashion statement, logo or product images of an advertisement made by a given company in order to challenge what is written in relation to freedom of consumption. It is imperative to note that the main rationale behind this form of culture jamming is reshaping social conformity to certai n types of advertisements (Lambert-Beatty 99). This issue has been carefully examined in media that specifically focuses on the development and transformation of the counterculture which, in its turn, has provoked the expansion of capitalism, has introduced innovation to mainstream culture, and continues to influence the current mainstream culture. Regarding the above, culture jamming can be recognized as one of the most progressive, though not rebellious movements, introduced by anti-consumerist marketing strategies because many corporations, marketers and advertisers have managed to employ the policy of subvertisement while branding their product. Main discussion Development of Culture Jamming Movement: Use of Subvertisement and Its Relation to Capitalism Culture jamming has been practiced for several decades and it is difficult to exactly pinpoint the actual time when it was incepted. The term dates back to 1984 despite the fact that corporate organizations, advertisers and marke ters had been using the tactic for some time (Carducci 161). Over the years culture jamming has been led by various groups from different quotas such as women movements, media theorists and art movements. Culture jammers advocate to be involved when decisions on creating adverts are made. For instance, feminist movements fight against the use of skinny female models and in general, using women in advertising. According to these feminist groups, increased use of women in advertising makes them feel emotionally inadequate especially in sexist advertising. Hence, such groups are capable of airing their opinions against sexist advertising. Similarly, feminist groups have equally been able to raise against a number of magazines and publications that have portrayed sexist adverts in the pretext of attracting more male customers or those that are targeting women who strive to maintain a perfect body as shown in order to attract men.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other human rights groups have also used culture jamming to fight exploitation of workers in factories – sweatshops. To affirm this, it is vital to note that our corporate culture is mainly driven by profitability whereby workers are lowly paid and compelled to work extra hours without proper compensation. Interestingly, culture jammers often argue that individuals should be given opportunity to choose the nature of advertisement they are likely to be exposed so that they can make prior choices. They should also be exposed to hundreds of advertisements each day from various companies without corporate advertisers considering their consent. According to culture jammers, corporate advertisers ought to consider the view of the public before exposing them to adverts (â€Å"Pranking Rhetorics†16).They view marketing as socially unacceptable due to the fact that it interferes with public space without the consent of the very public. Jammers look for every opportunity to alter messages that are given in various types of adverts. They have used black marker and computer programs to change the message given in various adverts. They then insert their message which more often than not, expose anti-consumer, anti-corporation, anti-materialism and in general anti-advertising. The main aim of these groups is to recreate and transform commercial culture (Sandlin Milam 323). Subvertisement is a special type of culture jamming that involves production and distribution of anti-adverts with the aim of turning the attention of consumers in a certain direction (â€Å"Subcultures and Countercultures† 287). In subvertising, existing icons or images are altered whereas new images which are satirical may also be put to replace the original one. In this regard, culture jammers promote behaviors that are more humane and an environment that is not dominated by corporate culture. What i s more important, culture jamming movement are also directed against capitalism since they believe that capitalist culture promotes unequal race, class, and gender (Klein 30). This culture ought to be discouraged and resisted at all cost according to culture jammers. Corporate, marketers and advertisers promote inhuman behaviors and corporate culture that is driven by profit motif (Skinner 140). The desire to increase profit has made corporate to go to the wrong extent when they are making their advertisements to the public. As such, exploitation of workers in the industries is also another form of capitalism where corporate would like to reap the maximum benefits from their employees at a lower cost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Culture Jamming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Increased competition in the market has forced companies to look for survival tactics in order to withstand pressure from the rival c ompanies. One of this survival strategies is the use of subvert where one company may look for ways to disrupt the adverts of a rival company. The latter is illegal practice where potential customers of a given product are mislead and misinformed on the truth of an advert. As Harold expounds, pranking is one of the strategies used by anti-consumerist movements to reduce rhetoric of MNCs advertising (â€Å"Pranking Rhetorics†189). In this respect, subvertising aims to draw attention of the potential consumers to some information that may not be true about the products advertised by a certain company. The practice aim is to reveal the weakness of the company in order to discourage consumers from buying a given product. At times one company may disrupt the adverts of the rival companies to make sure that consumers do not buy their products. This make the company that is orchestrating subverts to retain its customers who may be tempted to buy products from other companies that ar e offering similar products. This will increase the sales of the company and hence its profitability. Adbusters One of the brightest displays of culture jamming is introduced by The Adbusters magazine that introduced a signature brand of subversive Black Spot Sneaker. This brand was designed to satirize Nike use of sweatshop factories, but, in fact, the introduced campaign has gradually been involved in the mainstream consumerism instead of promoting the culture jamming movement (Heath and Potter 56). According to Heath and Potter, the consumers are looking for social distinction, individuality, and exclusivity while buying the product and, therefore, they have claimed that they pursue the same tendency that the magazine advertises (57). In this respect, the Adbusters are usually seen as supporters of capitalist values. Additionally, the case with Black Spot Sneakers has stirred the debates concerning its nature because the magazine editors admit that consumerist adherents are attac hed to using the same marketing strategies. Indeed, Adbusters fight for mental environmentalism rather just for citizens rights in general. They use the notion of the environmentalist but instead of fighting external environmental pollution, Adbusters fights for internal pollution. They believe that the minds of the public are polluted by the info toxin arising from the information given to the public by the marketers, corporations and advertisers. According to Harold, this can be termed as an ‘unruly corruption’ (â€Å"Pranking Rhetorics† 5). Adbusters argue that increased cases of mental illness maybe attributed to the thousands of adverts that are pumped to the members of the public each day. Information about oil spill of BP Company, increased extinction of animals, crony democracy emergence among others have continued to affect mental health of the public in a bigger way (â€Å"Our Space† 17).Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to them, mass media ought to be used to promote ideas rather than to promote products as it is done today. Good mental ethics should be at the centre stage of each and every advert rather than profit motif as it is evident today in majority of the adverts (â€Å"Identity and Community†195). The Diesel Clothing Company The case with Diesel company provides an example where rhetorical advertising is used to promote fashion. Specifically, the company uses a conundrum to differ with the modern social issues as well as disputing consumerism and fashion trends. As such, being disguised by consumerist logos, the Company has successfully promoted its subversion policy through delivering symbolic messages that can be extracted from standard ideas and advertisements. According to Airing, â€Å"†¦Diesel does not seek to transmit messages of product quality so much as sell ideologies both procultural and countercultural†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because no any other brand evoked fake ideology more fiercely for the marketing purposes than Diesel did (3). In other words, the company’s campaign consists in presenting a double coded message to communicate between two terrains – the cultural jamming and consumerist culture. Bearing a concealed meaning, Diesel treats its customers as intelligent individuals who appreciate simple ideas concealing more thought provoking messages (Arning 3). In addition, such a sophisticated ideology also emphasizes the tight connection between the company’s postmodern brand excellent and cultural policy of late capitalism due to the fact that Diesel is meant to be unique in promoting the main consumerist virtues through symbolic sign and constant repeating â€Å"†¦of social mores and contemporary predictions while reflecting the paradoxes and scruples of the twenty-first century† (Arning 3). In whole, there strategies can be still considered as culturally jammed due to the intentions the company pursues while advertising its products. Although the aim of these movements was to make popular culture less popular, mainstream cultures have gained more ground in the corporate world. According to Heath and Potter, it is not possible for jam culture and all counter-culture movements to have failed (5). Thus, anti-consumerists movements have not succeeded in their effort to transform and recreate commercial culture. This implies that in reality culture jamming is not possible since mainstream cultures have already dominated corporate world and the efforts of anti-consumerist movements cannot transform the society (â€Å"The Consuming Life† 135). Regarding the above, the Diesel clothing company case proves the inevitability of the prevalence of consumerist focus because the main task of the market is to attract more customers to buy products, but not to encourage the subversive messages and promote new forms and messages of consumerist culture. In addition to this, the world is driv en by capitalism forces which consciously or unconsciously determine the culture to be followed (â€Å"Identity And Community† 287). All the efforts in the society are directed towards materialism and those who do not support this course always find themselves in problems. Conclusion In conclusion, the concept of culture jamming can be considered as one of the most successful ones because it a great number of marketing strategies were based on the ideas presented by the adherent of this anti-consumerist movement. Though the phenomenon is not presented as a rebellion act recently, this issue has been carefully examined in media and marketing with particular reference on the development and transformation of subverstisement leading to the expansion of capitalism. In addition, culture jamming has made a significant contribution to mainstream culture through a myriads of innovative tactics introduced to mainstream culture. The brightest examples of such interventions refer to the case with the Adbusters magazine and the Diesel clothing company’s strategies. For instance, Adbuster is a critical example of these movements that mainly focus on changing the message that is presented in the advertising posters. The Diesel clothing company represents an example of how companies can use advertisements oriented on intelligent humans who can extract the messages concealed in simple logos and ideas. However, as many cultural theorists will argue, jamming culture is not possible bearing in mind that the desire by social activists to transform and recreate commercial culture has not materialized. On the contrary, mainstream culture has continued to dominate the society despite the efforts of anti-consumerist groups largely due to the fact that modern society is largely driven by capitalistic ideology. Apparently, this prevalence exists due to the blurred distinctions between the contemporary policies of culture jamming and the constantly changing purposes of con sumerist movement. Works Cited Arning, Chris. â€Å"Kitsch, Irony, And Consumerism: A Semiotic Analysis Of Diesel Advertising 2000–2008.† Semiotica 2009, 174 (2009): 21-48. Print. Carducci, Vince. Culture Jamming: A Sociological Perspective. Journal of Consumer Culture, 6.1, (2006):116-138. Print. Harold, Christine. OurSpace: Resisting the Corporate Control of Culture. Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota, 2007. Print. Harold, Christine. Pranking Rhetoric: Culture Jamming As Media Activism. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 21.3 (2004): 189-211. Print. Heath, Joseph, and Andrew Potter. The Rebel Sell: Why The Culture Can’t Be Jammed. Toronto: Harper Perennial, 2005. Print. Klein, Naomi. Culture jamming: Ads under attack. Brandweek41.28 (2000): 28-38. Print. Lambert-Beatty, Carrie. Fill in the blank: Culture jamming and the advertising of agency. New Directions for Youth Development, 2010.125 (2010): 99-112. Print. O’Brien, Susie and Imre, Szeman. C hapter 5: The Consuming Life. Popular Culture: A User’s Guide. Toronto: Nelson, (2010):135-168. Print. O’Brien, Susie, and Imre Szeman. â€Å"Chapter 7 Identity And Community.† Popular Culture: A User’s Guide. Toronto: Nelson, 2010. Print. O’Brien, Susie, and Imre Szeman. â€Å"Chapter 8 Subcultures And Countercultures.† Popular Culture: A User’s Guide. Toronto: Nelson, 2010. Print. Sandlin, Jennifer, Jennifer Milam. Mixing Pop (Culture) and Politics: Cultural Resistance, Culture Jamming, and Anti-Consumption Activism as Critical Public Pedagogy.† Curriculum Inquiry, 38.3 (2008):323-350. Print. Skinner, David. Media Organization and Production/Representing Resistance: Media, Civil Disobedience and the Global Justice Movement. Canadian Journal of Communication,32.1 (2007): 139-142. Print. This essay on Culture Jamming was written and submitted by user Avery Estes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aim Of The Ivu Examination Health And Social Care Essay Essay Example

Aim Of The Ivu Examination Health And Social Care Essay Essay Example Aim Of The Ivu Examination Health And Social Care Essay Essay Aim Of The Ivu Examination Health And Social Care Essay Essay There are many indicant related to the urinary system that possibly used to depict possible reactions to contrast media. The common pathologic indicants for radiographic urinary system processs are benign prostate hyperlaspsia ( BPH ) . It is the expansion of the prostate that ever happen in 50 old ages old adult male above. Although this is merely the benign status, this disease will do urethral compaction and besides obstructor. This obstructor will do the patient to experience hurting and difficult to urinate. The following pathologic indicants are vesica concretion which cause rock signifier in the vesica. The rock is non the same as the nephritic concretion. The rock that signifier in the vesica is grow rather big. This presence of rock in vesica causes the patient hard to urinate. Next is cystitis that describes the redness of the urinary vesica cause by infection of Fungi or bacterial. This is frequently happen to the adult females because ; they have a short urethra that more readily licenses retrograde transition of bacteriums into the vesica. There are many other diseased indicants like nephritic obstructor, acute obstructor, nephritic high blood pressure, pyelonephritis and many more. Patient readying for the ivu is similar with Ba clyster. The enteric piece of land should be free from any gas and faecal stuff. One twenty-four hours before the scrutiny is carried out ; the radiographer should teach the patient to fasting ( about 6 to 8 hours ) . This process is the same as for the kidney, ureter and vesica ( KUB ) scrutiny. Stomach need about 24 hours to be clear from any feaces or gases in the GI piece of land. The patient should take merely light repast on the eventide on the twenty-four hours before the scrutiny. The patient will be given an unwritten laxative that is duccolax to be eating at the dark before the scrutiny. For the certain group of patient, adaptation should be given. The group is diabetics, kids, and patients with other predisposing medical conditions in line with current section pattern. Teach the patient to alter to infirmaries fifty gown and emptied the vesica. The patient should invalidate merely before the scrutiny is performed for the unde rmentioned grounds. First is the vesica that is excessively full that could tear, particularly if compaction is applied early in the test. The 2nd 1 is urine already present in the vesica dilute the contrast media that accumulates at that place. The vesica will go big and little in form and sometimes irregular vesica lineation. The vesica possibly big due to prostate expansion, urethral obstructor, and neurogenic vesica. The vesica will go little due to tuberculosis, chronic cystitis, pelvic irradiation, and surgery. And, the pelvic will irregular in vesica lineation due to muscle wall hypertrophy with trabecualtion or to diverticula, chronic cystitis, neurogenic vesica and schisotosomiasisula. Benefits Using ivu for imaging intent is minimally invasive process with rare complication. The images that we get are valuable, the information is detailed and easy for doctors to name and handle the urinary piece of land conditions from kidney rocks to malignant neoplastic disease. By utilizing ivu, we can besides avoid more invansive surgical processs and can direct dainty with the medicine because it provide adequate information about kidney rocks and obstructor. This imagination procedure besides is less expensive, painless and faster than the options such as computed imaging ( CT ) and magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) . There is no side consequence due to the x beam and no radiation will stay in the organic structure after the scrutiny. Hazards The effectual radiation dose from this process is the same as the mean individual receives from background radiation in six months. In some people, contrast stuff can do inauspicious reaction on them. For adult females, if they have any possibility to hold a babe, they should inform their doctor or ten ray engineer. For some people, they may be allergic to iodine in the dye but it amp ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s merely in little measure. There are alternate probe for people with an allergic reaction, hay febrility or asthma and a little dosage of corticoids given to stamp down the allergic response. Diabetic patients who may undergo ivu scrutiny should halt dice medical specialty for 48 hours before an ivu scrutiny. For the patients who is enduring from terrible liver, bosom or kidney diseases possibly given a particular direction by the specializer? Precaution In endovenous urography ( IVU ) process, there is some safeguard when making this process. For pregnant adult females they are non allowed to take any scrutiny sing on X ray. This will do abnormalcies to unborn kid. So, radiographer should inquire patient foremost whether they are pregnant or non before making scrutiny. If the patient have diabetic and take unwritten hypoglycaemic medicine, patient should take the medical specialty before scrutiny and non allowed to take after 8 hours after scrutiny. The radiation exposure from this trial is comparative high for the entire organic structure particularly for generative system on male and female. Therefore this trial is non recommended for pregnant adult females for the safety of foetus. Ten twenty-four hours regulation is applied to adult females to making this test.This scrutiny merely carried out during first 10 yearss of menses. This clip is the best to cut down any possibility of developing foetus to adult females. Resume your nor mal diet and drink plentifulness of H2O to blush the contrast stuff out your system. IVU is non done every bit frequently as it used to be. This is because of the development of new machine such as ultrasound, CT and MRI scanning. This new technique is more effectual compared to IVU. Drumhead

Mid-term essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Mid-term - Essay Example Kant disagrees with the principle of utility when he argues that we should instead have indirect moral obligations in treatment of animals. Kant views animals as beings that lack independent rational wills and therefore human beings do not have any moral obligation to animals since they lack the condition of being considered as objects of obligation (Altman 20). Kant’s view when we mistreat animals is that we wrong ourselves but not violating the animal rights and therefore violating the principle of utility which in this case, will consider those who mistreats animals as wrong since their actions delivers pain to the mistreated animals. For example, If somebody shoots his or her dog because it no longer gives service, he or she does not fail in his duty to that dog because the dog is an irrational being which cannot judge, however, the one who does that acts in an inhuman way and damages that humanity that is in himself or herself that is ought to be shown towards humankind. Utilitarianism accounts for both human and nonhuman rights. The basic principle of utility has a moral consideration of animal rights and therefore animals ought to be treated the same way as human beings. The principle of utility implies that animals should be treated well in order to produce happiness for the animals. If you chop off the head of a donkey you have done wrong to the donkey itself and if you allow it to rest you give that animal the pleasure it deserves. Utilitarianism accounts for equal moral concern to human and nonhuman beings which mean killing an animal for other reasons other than food is wrong, bullfighting and even using animals for medical experimentations is unjustifiable. Kant argues that the fact that rational beings ought to have indirect moral obligation on animals has been pointed out in his arguments (Altman 23). Animals do not have the rational capacities that are considered by Kant to constitute humanity. Animals are considered to have the same